Identification of TMAO producer phenotype and hostdietgut dysbiosis by carnitine challenge test in human and germ free mice Gut Low Bioavailability and High TMAO Production: Novel Insights Into Acetylcarnitine and Carnitine Metabolism KrimsDavis 2025 Molecular Nutrition & Food Research Wiley Online Library Trimethylamine N Oxide From Gut Microbiota in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients: Focus on Diet Journal of Renal Nutrition Dietary lecithin, choline, and L carnitine, which are abundant in red Download Scientific Diagram Intestinal microbiota metabolism of l carnitine, a nutrient in red meat, promotes atherosclerosis Nature Medicine Dietary allicin reduces transformation of L carnitine to TMAO through impact on gut microbiota ScienceDirect